What Breathalyzers Do Police Use
Introduction:
Breathalyzers are devices used by law enforcement agencies to measure the blood alcohol content (BAC) of individuals suspected of driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol. These devices play a crucial role in ensuring road safety by identifying intoxicated drivers and deterring them from operating vehicles. This article will delve into the different types of breathalyzers commonly used by the police and answer some frequently asked questions about their usage.
Types of Breathalyzers Used by Police:
1. Fuel Cell Breathalyzers:
Fuel cell breathalyzers are the most common type used by law enforcement agencies. They utilize a fuel cell sensor to measure the concentration of alcohol in a person’s breath. The breath sample is blown into the device, and the fuel cell oxidizes the alcohol, producing an electrical current that is proportional to the BAC. This current is then converted into a digital reading, providing an accurate measurement of alcohol content.
Fuel cell breathalyzers are highly accurate and specific to alcohol, which reduces the chances of false positives. They are also less susceptible to interference from substances like mouthwash or certain medications, making them reliable tools for law enforcement. These devices require periodic calibration to maintain accuracy.
2. Infrared Breathalyzers:
Infrared breathalyzers employ infrared spectroscopy to estimate the BAC of an individual. These devices measure the absorption of infrared light by ethanol molecules in the breath sample. By comparing the absorption levels to a known alcohol concentration, they calculate the BAC.
Although infrared breathalyzers are generally accurate, they may be influenced by other substances that have similar absorption characteristics, leading to potential false readings. Consequently, law enforcement agencies often employ fuel cell breathalyzers as a more reliable alternative.
3. Semiconductor Breathalyzers:
Semiconductor breathalyzers are less common in law enforcement but are sometimes utilized in preliminary alcohol screening tests. They use a semiconductor sensor to detect alcohol molecules in the breath sample. When alcohol molecules come into contact with the sensor, they trigger a chemical reaction that generates an electrical signal proportional to the BAC.
While semiconductor breathalyzers are portable and quicker to produce results, they are generally less accurate compared to fuel cell or infrared breathalyzers. Consequently, they are often used as a preliminary tool to identify individuals who may require further testing.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
1. Are breathalyzer results admissible in court?
Yes, breathalyzer results are admissible in court, provided they have been obtained using approved devices that have been calibrated and maintained properly. It’s worth noting that the calibration and maintenance records of the device may also be required to establish the accuracy of the results.
2. Can breathalyzers give false readings?
Breathalyzers can give false readings if not used correctly or if there are external factors that interfere with the device’s accuracy. For example, residual alcohol in the mouth, certain medications, or substances with similar absorption characteristics may affect the results. However, properly maintained and calibrated breathalyzers are designed to minimize false positives.
3. Can I refuse to take a breathalyzer test?
Laws regarding the refusal of a breathalyzer test vary by jurisdiction, but in many places, refusal can lead to immediate penalties, such as license suspension or fines. Additionally, a refusal can be considered as evidence of guilt in DUI cases, potentially leading to more severe consequences. It is advisable to consult local laws or legal counsel for specific information regarding refusal.
4. How often do breathalyzers need calibration?
Breathalyzers require periodic calibration to maintain accuracy. The frequency of calibration depends on the manufacturer’s recommendations and local regulations. Typically, law enforcement agencies calibrate their breathalyzers at regular intervals, usually every six months or annually.
Conclusion:
Breathalyzers used by law enforcement agencies are vital tools in combating drunk driving. Fuel cell breathalyzers are the most commonly employed due to their accuracy and reliability. Infrared breathalyzers are also used but are susceptible to interference from other substances. Semiconductor breathalyzers are less accurate and often used for preliminary screening. Understanding how breathalyzers work and their limitations is essential for both law enforcement officers and individuals subject to alcohol testing.